This study applies Porter's diamond framework to Turkey. A major objective of the book is to contribute towards an improvement of this framework, and thus towards a better understanding of the sources of competitive advantage. The study also aims to shed some light on the competitive structure of Turkish industry and the main sources of competitive advantage of a number of key sectors of the Turkish economy. Porter's diamond needs further investigation, especially in application to developing countries, since he has constructed the framework mainly around case studies of industries in selected developed nations. Moreover, the framework has been the subject of much criticism. A study of Turkey, a middle income developing country, which has recently opened up its economy to the international market, presents a good opportunity to contribute towards the achievement of this undertaking. Since the emphasis is on the determinants of competitive advantage, the main contribution of this study is based upon industry case studies. In addition to showing whether or not the framework can be successfully applied to a developing country, the selected Turkish industries reveal how well the diamond can explain the sources of advantage/disadvantage in an uncompetitive industry.